• Anatomy of Hair follicle and Sebaceous gland

• Three major problems involving Acne

  ① Overproduction of Sebum

  ② Overgrowth of bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes)

  ③ Hyperkeratinization (Plugging) of the hair follicle opening

• Acne (Severity) Grading

  Treatment Options for Acne

  – Topical Medication
  – Oral Medication
  – Medical Skin Care
  – Mechanical Peeling
  – Chemical Peeling
  – Bio Peeling
  – Photodynamic Therapy
  – Non-invasive Laser/IPL/Radiofrequency Therapy
  – Microneedling Radiofrequency Therapy

• Types of Acne Scars

  Treatment Options for Acne Scars

– Microneedling Radiofrequency**

– Fractional Laser Resurfacing

– Chemical (Dot) Peel (medium to deep)

– Subcision

• Treatment for Acne (Red) Marks

– Long-Pulsed Nd-YAG

– IPL

** The only treatment option available for effective treatment in cases with both active acne & acne scars.